"While it is impossible to determine the operational characteristics of complex, distributed, networked forces that do not yet exist, one can examine other disciplines for force design principles, potential experimental hypotheses and new ideas about the command, control and operation f distributed collectives. One of the most fruitful disciplines for such an exercise is the study of wolf pack behavior. Animal behavior has long inspired other traditional types of military operations, and pack behavior itself was a metaphor for U-boat tactics in World War II."