The abstracts of three papers presented at the thirty-fifth session of the Institution of Naval Architects in 1894 on the design and construction of water-tube boilers. J I Thornycroft's paper concentrated on the circulation in his type of boiler. He had found that the circulation with 'drowned' tubes was only about half that with tubes discharging above the working level of the water. He also favoured curved tubes over straight tubes. The trials of the Speedy had shown that Thornycroft water-tube boilers developed about 30 percent more power than locomotive boilers occupying the same space and weighing 29 per cent more. J T Milton's paper described a number of new water-tube boilers, and listed their main advantages, these were: (1) higher working pressures; (2) ease of maintenance; (3) reduced weight and volume; (4) reduced risk of serious accidents owing to the smaller volume of water contained in the boilers. J. Howden condemned all water-tube boilers in his paper stating that cylindrical boilers were superior to water-tube boilers in all respects. The full text of all three papers can be found in Transactions of the Institution of Naval Architects, vol. 35, 1894, J I Thornycroft, "Circulation in the Thornycroft water-tube boiler." pp. 287-295, J T Milton "Water-tube boilers." pp. 296-308, and J. Howden, "The comparative merits of cylindrical and water-tube boilers for ocean steamships." pp. 309-449.